The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympia, were celebrated in 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo, which won the rights to the Games on May 26, 1959, at the 55th IOC Session in Munich, West Germany, over the bids from Detroit, Brussels and Vienna, had been awarded with the organisation of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honor had been passed to Helsinki because of Japan's invasion of China. The 1940 Olympics were eventually canceled because of the outbreak of World War II. The 1964 Summer games marked the first time the Olympics were held by a non-Western nation. This was the first Olympics in which South Africa was barred from taking part due to its refusal to racially desegregate its sports. .