Cervical ysplasia refers to a medical condition of the cervix in which squamous cells on the surface of the cervix undergo a potentially premalignant transformation. This abnormal growth (dysplasia) may lead to the development of cervical cancer if left untreated. An abnormal Pap smear may lead to a recommendation for colposcopy of the cervix during which the cervix is examined under magnification. A biopsy of the cervix is taken of any abnormal appearing areas. Cervical dysplasia can be diagnosed by biopsy.